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Sebaceous glands release an excess amount of sebum which are the first changes that the cutis goes through during the activation cycle of acne outbreaks. An over-production of sebum can be due to hormonal changes and stress among other factors. Skin problems usually appear on the mid-back, chest, nose, forehead and chin, these is because of the larger quantities of sebaceous glands found on these areas.

Sebaceous glands are found deep inside the skin. Each follicle connected to a sebaceous gland contain a tiny hair. An oily substance called sebum is released by the sebaceous glands and its purpose is to lubricate the follicle and the surrounding skin. These glands are found virtually in any part of the body.

Hormones (specifically androgen hormones) stimulate the sebaceous gland to produce sebum. In males and females, androgens are also produced by the adrenal glands. Hormonal changes during puberty and stressful situations cause the adrenal glands to release an excess amount of hormones causing an enlargement of the oil glands.

Sebum and dead skin cells can accumulate in the follicle causing it to clog. Whiteheads and blackheads are the most common comedones which is caused due to the build-up of oil and dead skin cells.

P. acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) are bacteria that are a part of the skins natural defense mechanism. The purpose of P. acne is to prevent attacks from other harmful microbes. The blockage of the follicle by sebum and dead skin cells traps P. acnes within the pore. P. acnes can breed within the closed follicle and change its chemical structure causing irritation and inflammation of the skin.

The effects of outbreaks

The effects of acne can make the skin red, puffy, sensitive and even itchy.

Acne vulgaris can occur in different stages. Mild acne is characterized by the most common types of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads).

Big and painful masses under your skin are usually characteristics of more severe stages of acne vulgaris. They are called nodules or cysts and are the most usual types of severe acne. Disfiguration of the area can occur due to the rupture of a cyst or nodule.

Light, intermediate and severe acne can have an impact on your dermis. Picking and scratching of the infected areas can provoke more skin blemishes.

Acne vulgaris is the most common type of acne. Acne sufferers are often not aware that further irritation and inflammation can be self inflicted, due to scratching and picking of zits. Smooth, supple and blemish-free surfaces are attained by the proper care and attention to your skin.